The earliest verified still surviving Japanese animated film was called Namakura-gatana or The Dull Sword, made by Junichi Kouchi in 1917. A film called “The Story of the Concierge Mukuzo Imokawa” made by Oten Shimokawa is considered to be the first “true” Japanese animated film, as it was the first to be shown in a theater. However, this film is now lost.